Hilary Seligman, MD, MAS

Professor in Residence
Medicine
+1 628 206-4448

Hilary Seligman, MD, MAS is Professor at the University of California San Francisco with appointments in the Departments of Medicine and of Epidemiology and Biostatistics.

Dr. Seligman is an expert in food insecurity and its health implications across the life course. Her policy and advocacy expertise focus on federal nutrition programs (particularly SNAP), food banking and the charitable food network, hunger policy, food affordability and access, and income-related drivers of food choice. She directs the Food Policy, Health, and Hunger Research Program at UCSF’s Center for Vulnerable Populations and the CDC’s Nutrition and Obesity Policy, Research and Evaluation Network (NOPREN). She also co-directs UCSF's IMPACT Program (part of our Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute), which aims to influence real-world decision-makers to use data and science to inform their work. IMPACT provides UCSF faculty and staff with resources and training in collaborating with a broad range of stakeholders to quicken the adoption of evidence-informed policies in healthcare, government, industry, and other sectors.

Dr. Seligman founded EatSF, a healthy foods voucher program for low-income residents of San Francisco (www.eatsfvoucher.org). Outside of San Francisco, EatSF is known as Vouchers for Veggies.

Dr. Seligman directs the National Clinician Scholars Program at UCSF, School of Medicine. NCSP aims to offer unparalleled training for clinicians as change agents driving policy-relevant research and partnerships to improve health and health care. The goal of the program is to cultivate health equity, eliminate health disparities, invent new models of care, and achieve higher quality health care at lower cost by training nurse and physician researchers who work as leaders and collaborators embedded in communities, healthcare systems, government, foundations, and think tanks in the United States and around the world (https://nationalcsp.org/).

Dr. Seligman serves on the Board of Directors for the San Francisco-Marin Food Bank. She previously served on the Board of the California Food Policy Advocates and as a member of the Food Security Task Force for the City and County of San Francisco. She is a Fellow of the American College of Physicians.

Publications: 

Assessing and Monitoring Nutrition Security in the United States: A Narrative Review of Current Measures and Instruments.

Current nutrition reports

Kenney E, Adebiyi VO, Seligman HK, Ehmke MD, Guthrie JF, Coleman-Jensen A, Frongillo EA

Food Insecurity and Hypoglycemia among Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Insulin or Sulfonylureas: The Diabetes & Aging Study.

Journal of general internal medicine

Karter AJ, Parker MM, Huang ES, Seligman HK, Moffet HH, Ralston JD, Liu JY, Gilliam LK, Laiteerapong N, Grant RW, Lipska KJ

Implementation of Food is Medicine Programs in Healthcare Settings: A Narrative Review.

Journal of general internal medicine

Houghtaling B, Short E, Shanks CB, Stotz SA, Yaroch A, Seligman H, Marriott JP, Eastman J, Long CR

Is that Hospital Food Pantry an Illegal Patient Inducement? Analysis of Health Care Fraud Laws as Barriers to Food and Nutrition Security Interventions.

The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics

Landauer R, Seligman H, Pomeranz JL, Hager K, Mozaffarian D

"Food Is Medicine" Strategies for Nutrition Security and Cardiometabolic Health Equity: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Mozaffarian D, Aspry KE, Garfield K, Kris-Etherton P, Seligman H, Velarde GP, Williams K, Yang E, ACC Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Section Nutrition and Lifestyle Working Group and Dispariti

The emerging adulthood gap in diabetes prevention research.

Lancet Regional Health. Americas

Arons A, Seligman HK

Perspective: Leveraging Electronic Health Record Data within Food is Medicine Program Evaluation: Considerations and Potential Paths Forward.

Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)

Long CR, Yaroch AL, Byker Shanks C, Short E, Mitchell E, Stotz SA, Seligman HK

Understanding food insecurity risk in the United States: A longitudinal analysis.

SSM - population health

Berkowitz SA, Seligman HK, Palakshappa D

Closing the Gap Between Evidence and Practice for Childhood Obesity Treatment.

Childhood obesity (Print)

Button AM, Staiano AE, Seligman HK

Low-Income Asian Americans: High Levels Of Food Insecurity And Low Participation In The CalFresh Nutrition Program.

Health affairs (Project Hope)

Vu M, Trinh D, Kandula NR, Pham NT, Makelarski J, Seligman HK

Associations between food insecurity and other social risk factors among U.S. adults.

Journal of general internal medicine

Sharareh N, Adesoba TP, Wallace AS, Bybee S, Potter LN, Seligman H, Wilson FA

Disparities in food insecurity between sexual minority and heterosexual adults - a higher burden on bisexual individuals.

Frontiers in public health

Sharareh N, Bybee S, Goldstein E, Jones S, Hess R, Wallace A, Seligman H, Wilson FA

Food Is Medicine Movement-Key Actions Inside and Outside the Government.

JAMA health forum

Bleich SN, Dupuis R, Seligman HK

How the Gus Schumacher Produce Prescription Program Works: An Adaptation of a Nutrition Incentive Theory of Change.

Nutrients

Stotz SA, Nugent NB, Akers M, Leng K, Byker Shanks C, Yaroch AL, Krieger J, Szczepaniak M, Seligman H

Adolescent Health Risk Behaviors, Adverse Experiences, and Self-reported Hunger: Analysis of 10 States from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys.

Journal of hunger & environmental nutrition

Krupsky KL, Sliwa S, Seligman H, Brown AD, Liese AD, Demissie Z, Barnidge E

Food Insecurity Disparities Among Immigrants in the U.S.

AJPM focus

Sharareh N, Seligman HK, Adesoba TP, Wallace AS, Hess R, Wilson FA

Assessing and Monitoring Nutrition Security to Promote Healthy Dietary Intake and Outcomes in the United States.

Annual review of nutrition

Seligman HK, Levi R, Adebiyi VO, Coleman-Jensen A, Guthrie JF, Frongillo EA

How food support improves mental health among people living with HIV: A qualitative study.

PloS one

Chayama KL, Hufstedler EL, Whittle HJ, N?poles TM, Seligman H, Madsen K, Frongillo EA, Weiser SD, Palar K

Produce Prescriptions and a Path Toward Food Equity for Children.

JAMA pediatrics

Virudachalam S, Kim LS, Seligman H

Food Insecurity Among People With Cancer: Nutritional Needs as an Essential Component of Care.

Journal of the National Cancer Institute

Raber M, Jackson A, Basen-Engquist K, Bradley C, Chambers S, Gany FM, Halbert CH, Lindau ST, P?rez-Escamilla R, Seligman H

Integration and coordination across public benefit programs: Insights from state and local government leaders in the United States.

Preventive medicine reports

Headrick G, Ruth A, White SA, Ellison C, Seligman H, Bleich SN, Moran AJ

Impact of fruit and vegetable benefits on pregnancy outcomes among WIC participants: a natural experiment.

Translational behavioral medicine

Wang G, Seligman H, Levi R, Hamad R

Underinsurance And Multiple Surgical Treatments for Kidney Stones.

Urology

Bayne D, Hicks CR, Srirangapatanam S, Armas-Phan M, Maru J, Gennatas E, Allen IE, Seligman H, Stoller M, Suskind A, Chi TL

Produce prescription projects: Challenges, solutions, and emerging best practices - Perspectives from health care providers.

Preventive medicine reports

Stotz SA, Budd Nugent N, Ridberg R, Byker Shanks C, Her K, Yaroch AL, Seligman H

Food Insecurity and Suicidal Behaviors Among US High School Students.

The Journal of school health

Brown AD, Seligman H, Sliwa S, Barnidge E, Krupsky KL, Demissie Z, Liese AD

Strengthening US Food Policies and Programs to Promote Equity in Nutrition Security: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association.

Circulation

Thorndike AN, Gardner CD, Kendrick KB, Seligman HK, Yaroch AL, Gomes AV, Ivy KN, Scarmo S, Cotwright CJ, Schwartz MB, American Heart Association Advocacy Coordinating Committee

Anti-obesity medication prescriptions by race/ethnicity and use of an interpreter in a pediatric weight management clinic.

Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism

Bomberg EM, Palzer EF, Rudser KD, Kelly AS, Bramante CT, Seligman HK, Noni F, Fox CK

How Can We Fully Realize SNAP's Health Benefits?

The New England journal of medicine

Gundersen C, Seligman H

Estimates of the Nutritional Impact of Non-Participation in the National School Lunch Program during COVID-19 School Closures.

Nutrients

Hecht AA, Dunn CG, Kinsey EW, Read MA, Levi R, Richardson AS, Hager ER, Seligman HK

Nutrition standards for the charitable food system: challenges and opportunities.

BMC public health

Levi R, Schwartz M, Campbell E, Martin K, Seligman H

Impact of Enhanced Food Pantry Services on Food Security among Adults with Diabetes Using a Crossover Study Design.

Current developments in nutrition

Seligman HK, Levi R, Ridberg R, Smith M, Hills N, Waxman E

Changes in Food Insecurity and Changes in Patient-Reported Outcomes: a Nationally Representative Cohort Study.

Journal of general internal medicine

Berkowitz SA, Palakshappa D, Seligman HK, Hanmer J

A Case for Using Electronic Health Record Data in the Evaluation of Produce Prescription Programs.

Journal of primary care & community health

Ridberg RA, Yaroch AL, Nugent NB, Byker Shanks C, Seligman H

Community Income, Healthy Food Access, and Repeat Surgery for Kidney Stones.

Urology

Bayne D, Srirangapatanam S, Hicks CR, Armas-Phan M, Showen A, Suskind A, Seligman H, Bibbins-Domingo K, Stoller M, Chi TL

Accelerating Evaluation of Financial Incentives for Fruits and Vegetables: A Case for Shared Measures.

International journal of environmental research and public health

Budd Nugent N, Byker Shanks C, Seligman HK, Fricke H, Parks CA, Stotz S, Yaroch AL

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Participation and Health Care Use in Older Adults : A Cohort Study.

Annals of internal medicine

Berkowitz SA, Palakshappa D, Rigdon J, Seligman HK, Basu S

Survey Fraud and the Integrity of Web-Based Survey Research.

American journal of health promotion : AJHP

Levi R, Ridberg R, Akers M, Seligman H

Reach, engagement and effectiveness of in-person and online lifestyle change programs to prevent diabetes.

BMC public health

Golovaty I, Wadhwa S, Fisher L, Lobach I, Crowe B, Levi R, Seligman H

Integrative Nutritional Counseling Combining Chinese Medicine and Biomedicine for Chinese Americans with Type 2 Diabetes: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study.

Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.)

Ho EY, Leung G, Chao MT, Chan D, Hsieh E, Pritzker S, Chi HL, Huang S, Ruan Q, Seligman HK

Perspective: The Convergence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Food Insecurity in the United States.

Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)

Nagata JM, Seligman HK, Weiser SD

Comparison of Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among Urban Low-Income US Adults Receiving a Produce Voucher in 2 Cities.

JAMA network open

Basu S, Akers M, Berkowitz SA, Josey K, Schillinger D, Seligman H

School Closures During COVID-19: Opportunities for Innovation in Meal Service.

American journal of public health

Kinsey EW, Hecht AA, Dunn CG, Levi R, Read MA, Smith C, Niesen P, Seligman HK, Hager ER

Heterogeneity in the Effects of Food Vouchers on Nutrition Among Low-Income Adults: A Quantile Regression Analysis.

American journal of health promotion : AJHP

White JS, Vasconcelos G, Harding M, Carroll MM, Gardner CD, Basu S, Seligman HK

The Right to Food: Building Upon "Food Is Medicine".

American journal of preventive medicine

Barnidge EK, Stenmark SH, DeBor M, Seligman HK

Point-of-Care Hemoglobin A1C Testing System in Community Settings: Challenges, Opportunities, and Measurement Characteristics.

Progress in community health partnerships : research, education, and action

Smith M, Rosenmoss S, Seligman HK

Diabetes-Related Health Care Utilization and Dietary Intake Among Food Pantry Clients.

Health equity

Bomberg EM, Rosenmoss S, Smith M, Waxman E, Seligman HK

Food Insecurity Is Associated with Behavioral Health Diagnosis Among Older Primary Care Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions.

Journal of general internal medicine

Jih J, Nguyen TT, Jin C, Seligman H, Boscardin WJ, Ritchie CS

State-Level and County-Level Estimates of Health Care Costs Associated with Food Insecurity.

Preventing chronic disease

Berkowitz SA, Basu S, Gundersen C, Seligman HK

Nutrition-Focused Food Banking in the United States: A Qualitative Study of Healthy Food Distribution Initiatives.

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Wetherill MS, White KC, Seligman HK

Development and testing of the FRESH Foods Survey to assess food pantry clients' dietary behaviours and correlates.

Public health nutrition

Calloway EE, Seligman HK, Boyd LW, Stern KL, Rosenmoss S, Yaroch AL

Effects Of Alternative Food Voucher Delivery Strategies On Nutrition Among Low-Income Adults.

Health affairs (Project Hope)

Basu S, Gardner CD, White JS, Rigdon J, Carroll MM, Akers M, Seligman HK

Seligman et al. Respond.

American journal of public health

Seligman HK, Smith M, Golovaty I, Waxman E, Rosenmoss S

Charitable food as prevention: Food bank leadership perspectives on food banks as agents in population health.

Community development (Columbus, Ohio)

Wetherill MS, White KC, Seligman H

Challenges and Successes with Food Resource Referrals for Food-Insecure Patients with Diabetes.

The Permanente journal

Marpadga S, Fernandez A, Leung J, Tang A, Seligman H, Murphy EJ

Food Insecurity: A Key Social Determinant of Health for Older Adults.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

Pooler JA, Hartline-Grafton H, DeBor M, Sudore RL, Seligman HK

Changes in Food Insecurity and Smoking Status over Time: Analysis of the 2003 and 2015 Panel Study of Income Dynamics.

American journal of health promotion : AJHP

Kim-Mozeleski JE, Seligman HK, Yen IH, Shaw SJ, Buchanan DR, Tsoh JY

Food Preferences and Coping Strategies among Diabetic and Nondiabetic Households Served by US Food Pantries.

Journal of hunger & environmental nutrition

Bomberg EM, Neuhaus J, Hake MM, Engelhard EM, Seligman HK

Food insecurity, healthcare utilization, and high cost: a longitudinal cohort study.

The American journal of managed care

Berkowitz SA, Seligman HK, Meigs JB, Basu S

Comprehensive Diabetes Self-Management Support From Food Banks: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

American journal of public health

Seligman HK, Smith M, Rosenmoss S, Marshall MB, Waxman E

Food Insecurity, Food "Deserts," and Glycemic Control in Patients With Diabetes: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Diabetes care

Berkowitz SA, Karter AJ, Corbie-Smith G, Seligman HK, Ackroyd SA, Barnard LS, Atlas SJ, Wexler DJ

Chronic disease burden predicts food insecurity among older adults.

Public health nutrition

Jih J, Stijacic-Cenzer I, Seligman HK, Boscardin WJ, Nguyen TT, Ritchie CS

Lessons Learned from Implementation of the Food Insecurity Screening and Referral Program at Kaiser Permanente Colorado.

The Permanente journal

Stenmark SH, Steiner JF, Marpadga S, Debor M, Underhill K, Seligman H

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Participation and Health Care Expenditures Among Low-Income Adults.

JAMA internal medicine

Berkowitz SA, Seligman HK, Rigdon J, Meigs JB, Basu S

Food Insecurity and Health Care Expenditures in the United States, 2011-2013.

Health services research

Berkowitz SA, Basu S, Meigs JB, Seligman HK

Clinic-to-Community Models to Address Food Insecurity.

JAMA pediatrics

Barnidge E, Stenmark S, Seligman H

The Financial Costs, Behaviour and Psychology of Obesity: A One Health Analysis.

Journal of comparative pathology

Bomberg E, Birch L, Endenburg N, German AJ, Neilson J, Seligman H, Takashima G, Day MJ

Food Insecurity and "Unexplained" Weight Loss.

JAMA internal medicine

Seligman HK

Brief assessment of food insecurity accurately identifies high-risk US adults.

Public health nutrition

Gundersen C, Engelhard EE, Crumbaugh AS, Seligman HK

Comprehensive and Medically Appropriate Food Support Is Associated with Improved HIV and Diabetes Health.

Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine

Palar K, Napoles T, Hufstedler LL, Seligman H, Hecht FM, Madsen K, Ryle M, Pitchford S, Frongillo EA, Weiser SD

How food insecurity contributes to poor HIV health outcomes: Qualitative evidence from the San Francisco Bay Area.

Social science & medicine (1982)

Whittle HJ, Palar K, Seligman HK, Napoles T, Frongillo EA, Weiser SD

Food insecurity and diabetes self-management among food pantry clients.

Public health nutrition

Ippolito MM, Lyles CR, Prendergast K, Marshall MB, Waxman E, Seligman HK

A Pilot Food Bank Intervention Featuring Diabetes-Appropriate Food Improved Glycemic Control Among Clients In Three States.

Health affairs (Project Hope)

Seligman HK, Lyles C, Marshall MB, Prendergast K, Smith MC, Headings A, Bradshaw G, Rosenmoss S, Waxman E

Food insecurity, coping strategies and glucose control in low-income patients with diabetes.

Public health nutrition

Mayer VL, McDonough K, Seligman H, Mitra N, Long JA

Food insecurity, chronic illness, and gentrification in the San Francisco Bay Area: An example of structural violence in United States public policy.

Social science & medicine (1982)

Whittle HJ, Palar K, Hufstedler LL, Seligman HK, Frongillo EA, Weiser SD

Financial Strain and Medication Adherence among Diabetes Patients in an Integrated Health Care Delivery System: The Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE).

Health services research

Lyles CR, Seligman HK, Parker MM, Moffet HH, Adler N, Schillinger D, Piette JD, Karter AJ

Material need insecurities, control of diabetes mellitus, and use of health care resources: results of the Measuring Economic Insecurity in Diabetes study.

JAMA internal medicine

Berkowitz SA, Meigs JB, DeWalt D, Seligman HK, Barnard LS, Bright OJ, Schow M, Atlas SJ, Wexler DJ

Ending SNAP subsidies for sugar-sweetened beverages could reduce obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Health affairs (Project Hope)

Basu S, Seligman HK, Gardner C, Bhattacharya J

Disease-related distress, self-care and clinical outcomes among low-income patients with diabetes.

Journal of epidemiology and community health

Pandit AU, Bailey SC, Curtis LM, Seligman HK, Davis TC, Parker RM, Schillinger D, DeWalt D, Fleming D, Mohr DC, Wolf MS

Treat or eat: food insecurity, cost-related medication underuse, and unmet needs.

The American journal of medicine

Berkowitz SA, Seligman HK, Choudhry NK

Online grocery store coupons and unhealthy foods, United States.

Preventing chronic disease

López A, Seligman HK

Exhaustion of food budgets at month's end and hospital admissions for hypoglycemia.

Health affairs (Project Hope)

Seligman HK, Bolger AF, Guzman D, López A, Bibbins-Domingo K

Clinic-based versus outsourced implementation of a diabetes health literacy intervention.

Journal of general internal medicine

Wolf MS, Seligman H, Davis TC, Fleming DA, Curtis LM, Pandit AU, Parker RM, Schillinger D, Dewalt DA

Food insecurity among adults with severe mental illness.

Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)

Mangurian C, Sreshta N, Seligman H

Nutritional policy changes in the supplemental nutrition assistance program: a microsimulation and cost-effectiveness analysis.

Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making

Basu S, Seligman H, Bhattacharya J

Nutritional assessment of free meal programs in San Francisco.

Preventing chronic disease

Lyles CR, Drago-Ferguson S, Lopez A, Seligman HK

Do clinical standards for diabetes care address excess risk for hypoglycemia in vulnerable patients? A systematic review.

Health services research

Berkowitz SA, Aragon K, Hines J, Seligman H, Lee S, Sarkar U

Food insecurity in relation to changes in hemoglobin A1c, self-efficacy, and fruit/vegetable intake during a diabetes educational intervention.

Diabetes care

Lyles CR, Wolf MS, Schillinger D, Davis TC, Dewalt D, Dahlke AR, Curtis L, Seligman HK

Navigating changing food environments - Transnational perspectives on dietary behaviours and implications for nutrition counselling.

Global public health

Handley MA, Robles M, Sanford E, Collins N, Seligman H, Defries T, Perez R, Grieshop J

Advances in measuring culturally competent care: a confirmatory factor analysis of CAHPS-CC in a safety-net population.

Medical care

Stern RJ, Fernandez A, Jacobs EA, Neilands TB, Weech-Maldonado R, Quan J, Carle A, Seligman HK

Risk factors for reporting poor cultural competency among patients with diabetes in safety net clinics.

Medical care

Seligman HK, Fernandez A, Stern RJ, Weech-Maldonado R, Quan J, Jacobs EA

Diabetes Implementation of a Self-management Program in Resource Poor and Rural Community Clinics.

Journal of primary care & community health

Davis TC, Seligman HK, Dewalt DA, Platt DJ, Reynolds C, Timm DF, Arnold CL

Food insecurity and glycemic control among low-income patients with type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes care

Seligman HK, Jacobs EA, López A, Tschann J, Fernandez A

The association between housing instability, food insecurity, and diabetes self-efficacy in low-income adults.

Journal of health care for the poor and underserved

Vijayaraghavan M, Jacobs EA, Seligman H, Fernandez A

Food insecurity and hypoglycemia among safety net patients with diabetes.

Archives of internal medicine

Seligman HK, Jacobs EA, Lopez A, Sarkar U, Tschann J, Fernandez A

Food insecurity is associated with hypoglycemia and poor diabetes self-management in a low-income sample with diabetes.

Journal of health care for the poor and underserved

Seligman HK, Davis TC, Schillinger D, Wolf MS

Hunger and socioeconomic disparities in chronic disease.

The New England journal of medicine

Seligman HK, Schillinger D

What happens between visits? Adverse and potential adverse events among a low-income, urban, ambulatory population with diabetes.

Quality & safety in health care

Sarkar U, Handley MA, Gupta R, Tang A, Murphy E, Seligman HK, Shojania KG, Schillinger D

Food insecurity is associated with chronic disease among low-income NHANES participants.

The Journal of nutrition

Seligman HK, Laraia BA, Kushel MB

Goal setting in diabetes self-management: taking the baby steps to success.

Patient education and counseling

DeWalt DA, Davis TC, Wallace AS, Seligman HK, Bryant-Shilliday B, Arnold CL, Freburger J, Schillinger D

Literacy-appropriate educational materials and brief counseling improve diabetes self-management.

Patient education and counseling

Wallace AS, Seligman HK, Davis TC, Schillinger D, Arnold CL, Bryant-Shilliday B, Freburger JK, DeWalt DA

Improving physical activity resource guides to bridge the divide between the clinic and the community.

Preventing chronic disease

Seligman HK, Grossman MD, Bera N, Stewart AL

Use of an interactive, telephone-based self-management support program to identify adverse events among ambulatory diabetes patients.

Journal of general internal medicine

Sarkar U, Handley MA, Gupta R, Tang A, Murphy E, Seligman HK, Shojania KG, Schillinger D

Facilitating behavior change with low-literacy patient education materials.

American journal of health behavior

Seligman HK, Wallace AS, DeWalt DA, Schillinger D, Arnold CL, Shilliday BB, Delgadillo A, Bengal N, Davis TC

Racial and ethnic differences in receipt of primary care services between medicaid fee-for-service and managed care plans.

The Journal of ambulatory care management

Seligman HK, Chattopadhyay A, Vittinghoff E, Bindman AB

Physician notification of their diabetes patients' limited health literacy. A randomized, controlled trial.

Journal of general internal medicine

Seligman HK, Wang FF, Palacios JL, Wilson CC, Daher C, Piette JD, Schillinger D

Physician notification of their diabetes patients' limited health literacy: A randomized, controlled trial.

Journal of general internal medicine

Seligman HK, Wang FF, Palacios JL, Wilson CC, Daher CA, Piette JD, Schillinger D

Treatment of acute hepatitis C with interferon alfa-2b.

The New England journal of medicine

Seligman HK, Fox RK